REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM PEAT SOIL CULTIVATED TO OIL PALM IN BORNEO ISLAND : inggris

 “Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands cultivated to oil palm”  by Prof. Abdul Hadi, Ph.D.; Prof. Luthfi, Ph.D.(Lambung Mangkurat University); Prof. Dr. Dedi Nursyamsi (Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia), and Prof. Dr. Kazuyuki Inubushi (Chiba University).

This book consists five chapters. The first chapter is Introduction chapter. This chapter explains the definitions of peat soil, the species of greenhouse gas (GHG), and prior studies related to GHGs’ issues. This chapter also updates the status of oil palm market and development in Borneo Island, as well as the global.

Introduction chapter is followed by a chapter about People View in GHG Issues (Chapter 2). This chapter was mainly composed from the primer and secondary data. The primary data was obtained through interview, while the secondary data was mainly statistics published by Statistics Center Agency. Some students of Lambung Mangkurat and Chiba Universities participated in the interview. Farmers in South Kalimantan had also involved as respondent.     

Chapter 3 is on The Soil Profile and Modes of GHG Emissions. The background of this chapter was the fact that there are few reports on the profile and the modes of GHG emissions from peat soil, especially those cultivated to oil palm (Elaeis guenensis Jarq.). The emissions of CO2 and CH4 increased in the first 12 minutes of chamber closure bur decreased onward. The N2O emissions increased consistently with time.

The authors realized that report on microbial aspect of tropical peat soil, especially those studied by molecular techniques was very limited. This was inspired the authors to elucidate the soil molecular profile. The results of the study is presented in Chapter 4.

Mitigation options has been tested and the results are presented in Chapter 5. Great efforts have been done to test the use of soil ameliorant in suppressing GHG emissions from oil palm fields to atmosphere. Agronomic technique (i.e., the insertion of rice in between oil palm) has been tested and is reported in this chapter. The authors introduced the insertion of rice in between oil palm as IRIAN system. Formulation of microbes with charcoal as carriers was designed. 

Last chapter (chapter 6) of this book presents the conclusions and recommendations. The insertion of rice in between oil palm (IRIAN system) eliminated the greenhouse gas emissions from the field to the atmosphere, meanly due to the CO₂ uptake by rice. Averaged N₂O emission was lower in rice-husk charcoal treatment (0.56 mg N/m²/h) as compared to control treatment (4.01). As recommendation the author suggest that biochar can be developed further in order to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from oil palm field.